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Solvers

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Key Responsibilities

1. Monitor incoming orders from the order pool
2. Calculate optimal trade settlements and clearing prices
3. Access liquidity from various sources (AMMs, aggregators, private inventory)
4. Submit settlement transactions on-chain
5. Earn fees upon successful execution

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Authorization and Security

modifier onlySolver {
    require(authenticator.isSolver(msg.sender), "GPv2: not a solver");
    _;
}

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Competition Mechanism

• Trader surplus generated - How much better the execution is compared to limit prices
• Number of orders filled - More filled orders is preferred
• Gas efficiency - Lower gas consumption for the same outcome
• Execution success probability - Likelihood of on-chain execution success

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Solver Economics

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Revenue Sources

• Protocol fees
• Surplus capture (executing at better prices than order limits)
• CoW finding (matching orders directly without external liquidity)
• Arbitrage opportunities

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Risks

• Transaction failures (gas costs without revenue)
• MEV extraction by block builders
• Price slippage between solution computation and on-chain execution
• Competition from other solvers

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Technical Details

// Pre-settlement: Setup operations
const preInteraction = {
  target: "0x...", // e.g., approve token
  value: 0,
  callData: "0x...",
};

// Intra-settlement: Trading operations
const intraInteraction = {
  target: "0x...", // e.g., Uniswap swap
  value: 0,
  callData: "0x...",
};

// Post-settlement: Cleanup operations
const postInteraction = {
  target: "0x...", // e.g., unwrap WETH
  value: 0,
  callData: "0x...",
};